Manufacture of barrel-bodies from pulp



(No Model.) 6 SheetsSheet 1. S. M. HOTOHKIS'S.

MANUFACTURE OF BARRBL'BODIES FROM PULP. No. 329,043. Patented Oct. 27, 1885'.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2[ S. M. HOTCHKISS.

V MANUFACTURE OF BARREL BODIES FROM PULP. No. 329,043. Patented 001;. 27, 1885.

l x my Q 1/ 2694M; .%YW 7h WNW-'0; SMD/OY/QMWLQF.

(No Model.) 6 sheets-Sheet 3.

' S. M. HOTCHKISS.

MANUFACTURE 0]? BARREL BODIES FROM PULP. No. 329,043. Patented Oct. 27, 1885.

W444 MMM/L M J71. 7 3% VIALAM/ (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 1. S. M HOTCHKISS.

MANUFACTURE OF BARREL BODIES FROM PULP. No. 329,043 Patented Oct. 27 1885 (No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 5;

' S. M. H'OTOHKISS.

I MANUFACTURE OF BARREL BODIES FROM PULP. No. 329,043. I Patented Oct. 27, 1885'.

u" XE (No Model.) 6 Sheets- -She'et 6. S. M. HOTCHKISS.

MANUFACTURE 0? BARREL BODIESFVROM PULP.

No. 329,043. Patented Oct. 2'7, 1885 WMe/a/aa M 211. mwu. wat 02 y from Pulp, of which the following isadescrip- NITED STATES ATENT FFICE.

MANUFACTURE OF BARREL-BODIES FROM PULI SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 329,043. dated October 27, 1885.

Application filed January 24, 1885. Serial No. 153,834. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SAMUEL M. HOTGHKISS,

tion, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, where- Figure 1 is an elevation view of the machine with the core underneath attached to its lifting-rod and ready to be raised. Fig. 2is a sectional elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 1, scale enlarged, the plane of the section being indicated by the dotted line as a; seen in Fig. 3.

The section is on two different planes, which 1 meet at the vertical center of the machine.

The core is omitted from this view. Fig. 3 is;

a top or plan view of the machine shown in Fig. 1, scale enlarged, with a part in horizontal section on the plane indicated by the dotted line g y seen in Fig. 2. The core is omitted from this view. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the core, scale nlarged as compared with Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a lop or plan view of the core shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a view of the bottom of the core shown in Fig. 4 with the covering-plate,whigh is at the extremelowerend, removed. Fig. 7isaview of the core shown in Fig.4 in vertical section on plane denoted by the dotted line w w seen in Fig. 5. This plane cuts the core-sections. Fig. 8 isa view of the core shown in Fig. 4 in vertical section on-the plane denoted by the dotted line y y, seen in Fig. 5. The sectional plane cuts the coreblocks. Fig. 9 is a top or plan view of the core with the plate, which is over the steamchest which is at that end, removed, so asto expose the steam-chest to view and the mechanism within it. Fig. 10 is a detail view on an enlarged scale, showing the upper end of the core-spine as cut in central vertical section. The operating parts which are within the steam-chest at this end are shown in side view and not in section. Fig. 11 is a detail View on an enlarged scale of the parts at the base of the core. The view is on two vertical planes which meet at the vertical center, and they are denoted by the dotted line w seen on Fig. 6. g

The practical application of this improvement is illustrated and described-herein as applied to the manufacture of a barrel-body from pulp; but the improvement is applicable to the manufacture of other articles than barrels. The pulp referred to herein may be the pulp for paper-stock, or pulp of any other material adapted to the purpose in hand.

In the mode of making a barrel-body which is described herein, the barrel-body is first formed from free pulp by an .operation which gives the pulp its shape, and to a great degree expresses the water therefrom, and then in the same machine the formed barrel-body is kept under pressure, and heat is applied to expel what is practically the remainder of the moisture or water.

Perhaps the heaviest and most conspicuous single feature in the machine for forming and drying barrel-bodies, herein described, is the frame-ring a, an iron casting, which of course might be made in aplnrality of pieces, but is better made as one solid casting. A special utility arising from making this ring in one piece is that the hydraulic cylinders 2', herein- 7 5 after described, are all formed in this framering, and are all kept rigidly in line with each other. This frame-ringis or may be supported on pillars b. The machinery for forming and drying the barrel-body may be said, in

general terms, to be inside of this general frame-work.

The moreimpor'ta'ut features of the machine are a collapsible core, which forms the interior of the barrel-body, and external side compressors radially movable, which form the exterior of the barrel-body.

The letters 0 denote the external side compressors, which are preferably, but not neces sarily, sixin number. They have a movement toward and from the axis of the barrel-body, and this is what is meant by saying that they are radially movable. These external side compressors are grooved upon their faces for the escape of water as it is expressed from the escape of water expressed from the pulp. loo

These face'plates are overlaid with a finelyperforated mold-face, e.

When the external side compressors are moved toward the axis of the barrel-body for the purpose of compressing the pulp and forming it, water which is expressed from the pulp 5 passes through the finely-perforated mold-face e, thence through the lateral perforations in the face plate d,- and escapes and runs off through the grooves which are in the external side compressors.

The letter f denotes a tablea cast-iron plate-supported on the pillars b and underneath the frame-ring. The letter g denotes a somewhat similar table, which is immediately overtheframe-ring. Forconveniencesakethe table f is called the lower table and the table gthe upper table. The external side compressors already mentioned are situated between these upper and lower tables, and they. as well as the interspace compressors. hereinafter mentioned, practically rest and have their radial movement upon thelower table, f. There is a raised ring on the upper side of the lower table, f, radially mortised at appropriate places, in which the ends of the external side compressors and the interspace compressors rest, such mortises forming guides for all the compressors in their radial movement. The external side compressors are solidly backed by and attached to pistons h, which lie and move in the cylinders 0', formed and bored in the frame-ring a.

The letters j denote cylinder-heads strongly fastened to the frame-ring. These istons h and cylindersiform what are commonly known as powerful hydraulic rams, and their offioe is to force the external side compressors forward ip their radial movement, with great power for expressing the water from the pulp, giving it its shape.

The letter k denotes the ducts through which water is introduced into the cylinders 13 atappropriate times by astrong hydraulic. pump, 1-, in the manner well known for similar pur- P 8 8- The letter Z denotes the screw or bolt which fastens the pistons 11 to the side compressors.

It will be understood that the hydraulic rams mentioned herein are packed and otherwise fitted in the ways and manners that hydraulic rams are usually packed and fitted.

The various ducts it lead from a common reservoir appurtenant to the pump 1", so that the pressure may be simultaneous and equal in each one of the hydraulic cylinders a, in-

suringsiniultaneous and equal pressure on all parts of the barrel-body.

In order to attain a substantially round or circular outline for the barrel-body, there are used, in addition to the external side compressors, 0, other and subsidiary compressors, m,

which, for convenience sake, are termed interspaee compressors, which are carried forward when the pulp is being compressed and formed by the compressors 0. These inter- 5 space compressors have their radial movement guided in the same way that the compressors c are guided. These interspace compressors have a finely-perforated mold face, the same as the compressors 0. They are perforated radially from front to rear, the same as the compressors c, and they are grooved or ribbed upon the back to facilitate the escape of the expressed water. These interspace compressors are attached on the back to piston-rods n,which have on their outer ends the piston-heads 0, moving in cylinders 2, bored and formed in the framering a, which cylinders, piston-heads, and piston-rods are packed and fitted in the common ways and manners. Each one of the cylinders p is furnished with a duet communicating with an accumulator, which avails to retract the interspace compressors,and the external side compressors as well, when permitted so to do-that is, when the water-pressure is taken off the pistons h. The constant pressure from the accumulator not only avails to retract all the external side compressors in the manner described, but it keeps the iuterspace compressors always properly in contact with the external side compressors.

It is suggested at this point that a helical spring drawing backward on the interspace compressors may be substituted for the accumulator-pressure so far as the said function of 5 keeping the interspace compressors in contact with the compressors c is concerned, and that in case the accumulator is dispensed with the pistons may be so made as to have pistonheads,and water-pressure be applied upon the x00 inside thereof, as well as the other side, in order to retract the external side compressors.

Having in substance described the compress ors for forming and compressing the exterior of the barrel-body, attention is now directed to the collapsible core, which forms the interior of the barrel-bod y. This core is spoken of as collapsible. Evidently the core fora bilged barrel must be collapsible in that it may be extricated from the barrel-body after no such barrel-body is formed thereon.

The letter sdenotes what is called the coreplate. On this core-plate the parts which may be said to form the core proper rest. These parts are nine in numberthe part i, called the core-spine, shaped in section substantially like a Maltese cross; the parts a, four in number, called the core-sections; the parts 1), four in number, called the coreblocks.

It will be observed that the core-spine forms a central lateral support for the core-sections and the core-blocks, and that the whole construction is a very strong one, to the end that the core, as a whole, may safely withstand the great lateral pressure to which it is subjected when the external side compressors act in the compressing and forming ot'a barrel body.

It may be remarked at this point that the core, as a whole, is introduced into the central space formed by the external side compressors and the iuterspace compressors from below, and that it retreats therefrom downward after the barrel-bod y is formed upon it, bearing that barrel-body with it in the same direction, and at the proper time the core is collapsed by first raising out and withdrawing the corespine and then moving the core-sections and core-blocks radially inward, after which, of course, the barrel-body is free to be removed.

,The core-spine has upon its top or upper end two or more eyebolts, w,-into which hooks may take, and the core-spine, by proper attachments, be lifted. In the core-plate 8 there are four radial mortises, 2, one for each of the core-blocks, through which runs a bolt, a,' connecting each core-block with its rack b underneath the core-plate, which racks rest and radially move in radial mortises made for that purpose in the under side of the coreplate. The two pinions c and the rotary shaft which carries them are really and practically one piece. The upper of these pinions meshes into the rack b, and the lower meshes into the ring-gear d, which ring-gear is provided with a socket, into which the operator may insert one end of a lever, e, and by means of this lever be partially rotates the ring-gear d and moves all of the core-blocks radially inward.

In the core-plate are four other radial mor tises, f, through which run the bolts j, serving to connect the core-sections with their racks h, lying and moving radially in radial mortises made for that purpose in the under side of the core-plate. The pinion t" meshes into the rack h, and also into the ring-gearj. This ring-gear-is provided with asocket, in which the operator may insert one end of the lever k, and taking hold of the other end of the lever he may partially rotate the ringgear j, and thereby move radially inward all four of the core-sections. When the core is thus collapsed, as already said, the barrelbody is readily removable therefrom.

The plate Z 'is attached on the bottom of the core-plate by studs, as shown. To this plate Z there is permanently attached the core-shaft m,

on and around which the corespine rests when the parts of the core are assembled for use.

The letter n denotes a cylinder, in which reciprocates the piston 0, having attached thereto a piston-rod, p, which is used in effec ting the raising and lowering of the core. One mode 'of coupling ibis piston-rod last mentioned to the core is to have the upper end of the core-shaft m socketed in the lower end of' the piston-rod p, and the two locked together by a key, 0', which can be knocked outwhen it is desired to disengage the core. The piston 0 is operated by water let into and out of its cylinder at appropriate times. The table 9 is suitably bolt-ed to the framering. From this table 9 rises a series of pillars, s, supporting the cap-plate t, which is practically a casting in which is formed the hydraulic cylinder, and also certain other hy-- or pipes 11, thus serving to maintain the pulpreservoir always fullof pulp and under pressure, and it is from this pulp-reservoir that the pulp is fed into the matrix which exists between the core and the external side compressors, and for this purpose the ring-gate w operates at the proper time. Its rising opens a way to such matrix and its falling closes such way. This ring-gate is operated by means of the hydraulic cylinders z in which reciprocate the pistons r", attached to the piston-rods I), which are in turn attached to'the ring-gate. It is not deemed necessary to describethe details of these last-mentioned hydraulic cylinders further.

It will be understood from the foregoing description of this machine what its operation is in forming and compressing barrel-bodies. That operation is, in short, that the external side compressors and the interspace compressors are in the position of being retracted and the coreis in its place in the centralspace formed by these external side compressors and interspace compressors. Then the ring-gate is raised and pulp allowed to flow into the matrix until it is full, after which the ringgate is lowered and closed. Then power is applied to the external side compressors which move forward radially expressing the water from the pulp to a great degree and giving it the shape of a barrel-body. Then follows the application of heat in the manner hereinafter described, which practically expels the moisture still remainingin' the -barrel-body, after which the external side compressors and interspace compressors are retracted or withdrawn.v Then the core, bearing upon it the barrel-body, is lowered and detached from the piston-rod 1). Another core is attached and lifted into place,and the machine'is then ready to repeat the operation already described of forming and compressing another barrel-body.

So far the description of the machine and its operation has been confined to the formation of a barrel-body from pulp, giving the pulp its shape and compressing the water to a great degree. The machine has another and distinct function from this, in that it is so made that heat can be applied both to the interior and exterior of the barrel-body and the moisture practically all be removed by drying. I will first describe how heat is applied to the interior of the barrel-body, and then how it is applied to the exterior.

The heating agent used is steam; but of course hot air or any other suitable agent may be substituted. The core is chambered by heat-ducts it, through which the steam circulates, heating the entire core, which is in contact with theinterior of the barrel. The steam is admitted through a flexible tube, '0, or the like, and taken away through a flexible tube, w", or the like, the connections thereof being made after the core is in place and ready for the forming thereon of a barrel-body, and the disconnection thereof is made before the core and the barrel-bod y upon it are removed from the machine. The tube 12 connects with a pipe, :1, carried permanently by the corespine, which pipe conducts the steam to a steam-chest, a, at the top of the core spine, whence it is distributed to the ducts or chainbers n, (in the core-sections and core-blocks,) whence it comes into a steam-chest, b, at the bottom of the core spine, and thence escapes through the tube 10. The plate 0 covers the steam-chest a, and the plate d covers the steam-chest 11. Inside the steam-chest a{ there are horizontally-reciprocating pipes 6'. Those which reciprocate radially of the core carry the live steam into the heat-ducts of the core-blocks, and others reciprocating at right angles to radii of the core carry the live steam into the heatducts of the core-sections. When retracted, these pipes e do not project beyond the sides of the core-spine, but when projected or thrust forward they project slightly beyond the sides of the core-spineand into the sockets or pipe-holes made for them in the sides of the core-blocksand core-sections,making them closely communicate with the-heat-ducts in such core-blocks and core-sections.

Theletters f den ote rubber packing around the pipes e, which, when the pipes e are thrown out or forward, shutinto recesses made for them in the sides of the core-blocks and core-sections, and they are so compressed in this operation as to make the joints steam tight. These pipes c are reciprocated by rotating the disk 9', communicating with the pipes through the medium of thejointed connecting-rods h. The disk gis operated from the exterior and below the core by means of the rotary shaft i'many sided at the lower end for the application of a wrench or the 1ikethe forked arm j', fast on shaft 1'', and the stud k on disk 9'.

An apparatus precisely like pipes 6', disk 9", and rods h' is contained in the lower steam-chest, b, and it is operated simultaneously with said apparatus in the upper steamchest. by means of the shaft 2'', carrying a duplicate of forked arm j, operating on a duplicate of stud k.

It will be readily understood that the pipes e and the duplicates in the lower steam-chest are connected with the heat-ducts of the coreblocks and core-sectionspreparatory to having the live steam circulate in such core-blocks and core-sections, and that these 'pipes are disconnected before removing the core from the machine.

I will now describe how heat is applied to the exterior of the Farrel-body. 1 The external side compressors are also chambered by heatducts u"; Each of the external side compressors carries a pipe, l, which moves back and forth as the compressor moves in a properly-packed sleeve, m, which is on the end of a pipe, 12/, rising from a circular pipe, 0'. This pipe 0 carries live steam through pipes n and 1 into the heat-ducts of all the external side compressors. The pipes 1 each have an orifice for the entrance of steam coming from pipes n, such orifices being brought into properrelation for that purpose with the pipes n when the external side compressors have moved forward radially and formed a barrelbody.

As already mentioned, the heat for drying the barrel-body is applied after the barrel-body is formed. The steam generated from the moisture contained in the barrel-body by the application of heat in this manner escapes through the same channels that previously served for the escape of water expressed in the process of compression. The pressure is maintained on the barrel-body during the time that the drying-heat is applied.

I claim as my improvement- 1. The combination of external side-compressors for forming and compressing pulp, also chambered by heat-ducts, with a core for forming the interior, also chambered by heatducts, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

2. The process of forming and drying articles of pulp. which consists in forming the pulp and expressing the water thereof at one operation and in one machine, and then in the same machine applying heat to the surfaces of the article still held under pressure,

substantially as described, and for the pur- Y poses set forth.

SAMUEL M. HOTCHKISS.

\Vitnesses:

CHAS. L. BURDETT. H. R. WILLIAMS. 

